Operations and Algebraic Thinking
| |||||||||||||
Solve problems with whole numbers using the four operations.
| |||||||||||||
|
1. Interpret and write equations for multiplicative comparisons. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
2. Solve word problems involving multiplicative comparison using drawings and write equations to represent the problem, using a symbol for the unknown number. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
3. Determine and justify solutions for multi-step word problems, including problems where remainders must be interpreted. a. Write equations to show solutions for multi-step word problems with a letter standing for the unknown quantity. b. Determine reasonableness of answers for multi-step word problems, using mental computation and estimation strategies including rounding. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
| |||||||||||||
|
4. For whole numbers in the range 1 to 100, find all factor pairs, identifying a number as a multiple of each of its factors. a. Determine whether a whole number in the range 1 to 100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number. b. Determine whether a whole number in the range 1 to 100 is prime or composite. |
||||||||||||
Generate and analyze patterns.
| |||||||||||||
|
5. Generate and analyze a number or shape pattern that follows a given rule. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Operations with Numbers: Base Ten
| |||||||||||||
Generalize place value understanding for multi- digit whole numbers.
| |||||||||||||
|
6. Using models and quantitative reasoning, explain that in a multi-digit whole number, a digit in any place represents ten times what it represents in the place to its right. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
7. Read and write multi-digit whole numbers using standard form, word form, and expanded form. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
8. Use place value understanding to compare two multi-digit numbers using >, =, and < symbols.
|
||||||||||||
|
9. Round multi-digit whole numbers to any place using place value understanding. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic with whole numbers.
| |||||||||||||
|
10. Use place value strategies to fluently add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers and connect strategies to the standard algorithm. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
11. Find the product of two factors (up to four digits by a one-digit number and two two-digit numbers), using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations.
a. Illustrate and explain the product of two factors using equations, rectangular arrays, and area models. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
12. Use strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between multiplication and division to find whole-number quotients and remainders with one-digit divisors and up to four-digit dividends.
a. Illustrate and/or explain quotients using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models.
|
||||||||||||
Operations with Numbers: Fractions
| |||||||||||||
Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering.
Grade 4 denominators are limited to 2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,100. | |||||||||||||
|
13. Using area and length fraction models, explain why one fraction is equivalent to another, taking into account that the number and size of the parts differ even though the two fractions themselves are the same size.
a. Apply principles of fraction equivalence to recognize and generate equivalent fractions. Example: a/b is equivalent to (n x a)/(n× b). Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
14. Compare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators using concrete models, benchmarks (0, ½, 1), common denominators, and/or common numerators, recording the comparisons with symbols >, =, or <, and justifying the conclusions.
a. Explain that comparison of two fractions is valid only when the two fractions refer to the same whole. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers.
| |||||||||||||
|
15. Model and justify decompositions of fractions and explain addition and subtraction of fractions as joining or separating parts referring to the same whole.
a. Decompose a fraction as a sum of unit fractions and as a sum of fractions with the same denominator in more than one way using area models, length models, and equations.
b. Add and subtract fractions and mixed numbers with like denominators using fraction equivalence, properties of operations, and the relationship between addition and subtraction.
c. Solve word problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions and mixed numbers having like denominators, using drawings, visual fraction models, and equations to represent the problem. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
16. Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication to multiply a whole number times a fraction.
a. Model and explain how a non-unit fraction can be represented by a whole number times the unit fraction.
Example: 9/8=9 x 1/8 b. Extend previous understanding of multiplication to multiply a whole number times any fraction less than one.
Example: 4 x 2/3= 4 x 2/3= 8/3
c. Solve word problems involving multiplying a whole number times a fraction using visual fraction models and equations to represent the problem. Examples: 3 x 1/2, 6 x 1/8 Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare decimal fractions.
Denominators are limited to 10 and 100. | |||||||||||||
|
17. Express, model, and explain the equivalence between fractions with denominators of 10 and 100.
a. Use fraction equivalency to add two fractions with denominators of 10 and 100. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
18. Use models and decimal notation to represent fractions with denominators of 10 and 100. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
19. Use visual models and reasoning to compare two decimals to hundredths (referring to the same whole), recording comparisons using symbols >, =, or <, and justifying the conclusions. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Data Analysis
| |||||||||||||
Represent and interpret data.
| |||||||||||||
|
20. Interpret data in graphs (picture, bar, and line plots) to solve problems using numbers and operations.
a. Create a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit (1/2,1/4,1/8).
b. Solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions using information presented in line plots. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Solve problems involving measurement and conversion of measurements from a larger unit to a smaller unit.
| |||||||||||||
|
21. Select and use an appropriate unit of measurement for a given attribute (length, mass, liquid volume, time) within one system of units: metric - km, m, cm; kg, g, l, ml; customary - lb, oz; time - hr, min, sec.
a. Within one system of units, express measurements of a larger unit in terms of a smaller unit. Record measurement equivalents in a two-column table. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
22. Use the four operations to solve measurement word problems with distance, intervals of time, liquid volume, mass of objects, and money.
a. Solve measurement problems involving simple fractions or decimals.
b. Solve measurement problems that require expressing measurements given in a larger unit in terms of a smaller unit.
c. Represent measurement quantities using diagrams such as number line diagrams that feature a measurement scale. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
23. Apply area and perimeter formulas for rectangles in real-world and mathematical situations. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Geometric measurement: understand concepts of angle and measure angles.
| |||||||||||||
|
24. Identify an angle as a geometric shape formed wherever two rays share a common endpoint. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
25. Use a protractor to measure angles in whole-number degrees and sketch angles of specified measure. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
26. Decompose an angle into non-overlapping parts to demonstrate that the angle measure of the whole is the sum of the angle measures of the parts.
a. Solve addition and subtraction problems on a diagram to find unknown angles in real-world or mathematical problems. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
Geometry
| |||||||||||||
Draw and identify lines and angles, and identify shapes by properties of their lines and angles.
| |||||||||||||
|
27. Draw points, lines, line segments, rays, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines, and identify these in two-dimensional figures. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
28. Identify two-dimensional figures based on the presence or absence of parallel or perpendicular lines or the presence or absence of angles of a specified size.
a. Describe right triangles as a category, and identify right triangles. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|
||||||||||||
|
29. Define a line of symmetry for a two-dimensional figure as a line across the figure such that the figure can be folded along the line into matching parts.
a. Identify line-symmetric figures and draw lines of symmetry. Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards
|