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What Are the Long Vowel Sounds?

Classroom Resource Information

Title:

What Are the Long Vowel Sounds?

URL:

https://youtu.be/-uEaORL6y8E

Content Source:

Other
YouTube

Type:

Audio/Video

Overview:

In this video, students learn about long vowels. Students learn the sounds that long vowels make. They learn how special vowels are when making words.

Content Standard(s):

English Language Arts
ELA2021 (2021)
Grade: 1

7. Apply knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word analysis skills to decode and encode words accurately both in isolation and within decodable, grade-appropriate texts.

a. Produce the most frequent sound(s) for each letter of the alphabet, including x, q, and the long and short sounds of the vowels.

Examples: x= /ks/; q=/kw/; a=/ă/ and /ā/, s= /s/ and /z/

b. Decode and encode regularly-spelled, one-syllable words with closed syllables, open syllables, and vowel-consonant-e syllables, including words with blends in initial and final position.

Note: Consonant blends should include st-, sm-, sn-, -st, -ft, -lp, sl, cr, cl, tr, dr, nt, nd, mp, and nk, at a minimum.

c. Decode words with digraphs, trigraphs, and combinations, including digraphs ck, sh, th, ch, wh, ph, ng, trigraphs tch and dge, and combination qu.

Note: Some programs/experts call wh a combination, others call it a digraph. Use common language across the school/district.

d. Decode words with a after w read /ä/ and a before l read /â/.

Examples: wash, water, wasp; tall, all, talk, small, fall

e. With prompting and support, decode words with the hard and soft sounds of c and g, in context and in isolation.

Examples: c=/k/ before a, o, u, or any consonant and c= /s/ before i, e, or y; g=/g/before a, o, u, or any consonant and g=/j/ before i, e, or y

f. Decode words with vowel y in the final position of one and two syllable words, distinguishing the difference between the long /ī/ sound in one-syllable words and the long /ē/ sound in two-syllable words, and words with vowel y in medial position, producing the short /ĭ/ sound for these words.

Examples: fly, my; baby, happy; myth, gym

g. Decode regularly spelled one-syllable words with vowel-r syllables, including ar, er, ir, or, and ur.

h. With prompting and support, decode words with common vowel team syllables, including ai, ay, ee, ea, igh, ie, oa, ou, ow, au, aw, oe, oo, ew, oi, oy, and ue.

i. With prompting and support, decode words that follow the -ild, -ost, -old, -olt, and -ind patterns.

Examples: mild, host, fold, jolt, kind

j. With prompting and support, decode two-syllable words using knowledge of closed syllables, open syllables, vowel-consonant-e syllables, vowel-r syllables, common vowel team syllables, and consonant-le syllables, including compound words that fit multiple syllable types.

k. With prompting and support, decode words with silent letter combinations.

Examples: kn, wr, mb, gh, gn

l. With prompting and support, decode words with common prefixes including un-, dis-, in-, re-, pre-, mis-, non-, and ex-.

m. With prompting and support, decode words with common suffixes, including words with dropped e and y-to-i changes for suffix addition.

Examples: -s, -ed, -ing, -es, -er, -est, -en, -y, -ly

n. Decode contractions with am, is, has, and not.

Examples: I'm, he's, she's, isn't, don't

o. Decode grade-appropriate high frequency words that are spelled using predictable, decodable phoneme-grapheme correspondences.

Examples: saw, all, made, can, his, walk, let, open, time

Unpacked Content

Teacher Vocabulary:

Phoneme-grapheme correspondences
Word-analysis skills
Decode
Encode
Isolation
Decodable, grade-appropriate texts

7a.

Frequent sounds
Long vowel sounds
Short vowel sounds

7b.

Decode
Encode
Regularly-spelled
One-syllable words
Closed syllables
Open syllables
Vowel-consonant-e syllables
Blends
Initial position
Final position

7c.

Decode
Digraphs
Trigraphs
Combinations

7d.

Decode

7e.

Decode
Hard sounds
Soft sounds
Prompting
Support

7f.

Decode
Vowel y
Medial position
Final position
One-syllable words
Two-syllable words
Long /ī/ sound
Long /ē/ sound
Short /ĭ/ sound

7g.

Decode
One-syllable words
vowel-r syllables

7h.

Decode
Common vowel team syllables

7i.

Decode
Patterns

7j.

Two-syllable words
Closed syllable
Open syllables
Vowel-consonant-e syllables
vowel-r syllables
Common vowel team syllables
Consonant-le syllables
Compound words
Prompting
Support

7k.

Decode
Silent letter combinations
Prompting
Support

7l.

Decode
Common prefixes
Prompting
Support

7m.

Decode
Common suffixes
Suffix addition
Prompting
Support

7n.

Decode
Contractions

7o.

Decode
Grade-appropriate high frequency words
Predictable
Decodable
Phoneme-grapheme correspondences

Knowledge:

7. Students know:

Phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
Word-analysis skills.

7a.

Letter sounds.
Long and short vowel sounds.

7b.

Regularly-spelled, one-syllable words.
Letter patterns for closed syllables, open syllables, and vowel-consonant-e syllables.
Words with blends in the initial and/or final position.

7c.

Digraphs, including ck, sh, th, ch, wh, ph, and ng.
Trigraphs, including tch and dge.
Combination qu.

7d.

The sound a makes when it occurs after w.
The sound a makes when it occurs before l.

7e.

The hard sound of c is /k/.
The soft sound of c is /s/.
The hard sound of g is /g/.
The soft sound of g is /j/.

7f.

The letter y can make three vowel sounds depending on the number of syllables in the words and its position in a word.

7g.

Regularly spelled one-syllable words with vowel-r syllables.

7h.

Common vowel team syllables.

7i.

Words that follow the -ild, -ost, -old, -olt, and -ind patterns.

7j.

Two-syllable words, including compound words.
The features of a closed syllable.
The features of an open syllable.
The features of a vowel-consonant-e syllable.
The features of a vowel-r syllable.
The features of common vowel team syllables.
The features of a consonant-le syllable.

7k.

Silent letter combinations, such as kn, wr, mb, gh, gn.

7l.

Common prefixes.

7m.

Common suffixes, such as -s, -ed, -ing, -es, -er, -est, -en, -y, -ly.

Suffix addition patterns.

7n.

Contractions with am, is, has, and not, such as I'm, he's, she's, isn't, don't.

7o.

Grade-appropriate high frequency words that are spelled using predictable, decodable phoneme-grapheme correspondences, such as saw, all, made, can, his, walk, let, open, time.

Skills:

7. Students are able to:
In isolation and within decodable, grade-appropriate texts,

Decode and encode words by applying phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
Decode and encode words using word-analysis skills.

7a.

Produce the most frequent sounds for each letter of the alphabet, including x and q.
Produce long and short vowel sounds.

7b. Using regularly-spelled, one-syllable words,

Decode and encode closed syllable words.
Decode and encode open syllable words.
Decode and encode vowel-consonant-e syllable words.
Decode and encode words with blends in the initial and/or final position.

7c.

Decode words with digraphs.
Decode words with trigraphs.
Decode words with combination qu.

7d.

Decode words with a after w, such as wash, water, wasp.
Decode words with a before l, such as tall, all, talk, small, fall.

7e. With prompting and support,

Decode (read) words with the hard and soft sounds of c and g, in context and in isolation.

7f.

Decode (read) words with vowel y in the final position of one and two syllable words.
Distinguish the difference between the long /ī/ sound in one-syllable words (like fly and my) and the long /ē/ sound in two-syllable words (like baby and happy).
Decode (read) words with vowel y in medial position, such as myth and gym.

7g.

Decode (read) regularly spelled one-syllable words with vowel-r syllables.

7h.

With prompting and support, decode (read) words with common vowel team syllables, including ai, ay, ee, ea, igh, ie, oa, ou, ow, au, aw, oe, oo, ew, oi, oy, and ue.

7i.

With prompting and support, decode (read) words that follow the -ild, -ost, -old, -olt, and -ind patterns, such as mild, host, fold, jolt, kind.

7j. With prompting and support,

Decode (read) two-syllable words by breaking the words into syllables and using their knowledge of syllable types.
Decode compound words that fit multiple syllable types by breaking the word into syllables and using their knowledge of syllable types.

7k.

With prompting and support, decode (read) words with silent letter combinations.

7l.

With prompting and support, decode (read) words with common prefixes including un-, dis-, in-, re-, pre-, mis-, non-, and ex-.

7m.

With prompting and support, decode (read) words with common suffixes, including words with dropped e and y-to-i changes for suffix addition.

7n.

Decode (read) contractions with am, is, has, and not.

7o.

Decode grade-appropriate high frequency words that are spelled using predictable, decodable phoneme-grapheme correspondences.

Understanding:

7. Students understand that:

Graphemes (letter symbols) represent specific phonemes (sounds) they can use to decode (read) words.
Phonemes (speech sounds) can be represented by graphemes (letter symbols) to encode (spell) words.
Word-analysis skills are used to determine how to decode or encode based on position, adjacent letters, etc.

7a.

Each letter of the alphabet makes at least one speech sound.
x and q make two speech sounds (x=/ks/ and q=/kw/).
Vowels can make a long or short speech sounds.

7b.

Knowing letter patterns within each syllable type will help them decode and encode words quickly and accurately.

7c.

A digraph is a two-letter combination that represents a single phoneme in which neither letter makes its usual sound.
A trigraph is a three-letter combination that represents one phoneme.
In English words, q and u always occur together, and combination qu represents two sounds /k/ and /w/.

7d.

Adjacent letters and letter position within a word can change the sound a letter produces.

7e.

The letter that follows a c or g determines the sound that c or g will make in a word.
C makes a hard sound when it comes before a, o, u, or any consonant, and it makes a soft sound when it comes before i, e, or y.
G makes a hard sound when it comes before a, o, u, or any consonant, and it makes a soft sound when it comes before i, e, or y.

7f.

Y can make three vowel sounds: long /ī/, long /ē/, and short /ĭ/.
The position of the vowel y in the word determines how the y is pronounced.

7g.

In words that contain the vowel-r syllable type, the sound of the vowel usually changes.

7h.

A vowel team is a combination of two, three, or four letters that make a vowel sound.
A vowel team syllable always begins with a vowel, and it could be followed by another vowel(s) or consonant(s).

7i.

Long-vowel sounds will be produced in words that have the patterns of -ild, -ost, -old, -olt, and -ind.

7j.

They can decode two-syllable words, including compound words, by dividing a word into syllables and using their knowledge of the syllable types.

7k.

Some words they read will have silent letter combinations in which one or more letters are silent (doesn't represent a phoneme) but another letter in the combination does represent the phoneme.

7l.

Identifying common prefixes in words can help them read polysyllabic words quickly and accurately.

7m.

They can read words with common suffixes, including words with suffixes that are spelled by dropping the e and changing the y-to-i for suffix addition, by recognizing common letter patterns.

7n.

Contractions are made up of two words that are shortened by combining the two words and replacing the omitted letters with an apostrophe.

7o.

High frequency words are words that appear in text often, so it is important to be able to read them accurately and automatically.
Words can be decoded using their knowledge of letter-sound relationships.

Tags:

A, E, I, long vowels, O, phonics, U, vowel team, vowelconsonante

License Type:

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Accessibility

Video resources: includes closed captioning or subtitles

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Author:

Ginger Boyd

ALEX Classroom Resource

What Are the Long Vowel Sounds?