Science 7 ) Use models to determine the relationship between the structures in and
functions of the cardiovascular system (e.g., components of blood, blood
circulation through the heart and systems of the body, ABO blood groups, anatomy
of the heart, types of blood vessels).
a. Engage in argument from evidence regarding possible prevention and
treatment options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system (e.g.,
myocardial infarction, mitral valve prolapse, varicose veins, arteriosclerosis,
anemia, high blood pressure).
b. Design and carry out an experiment to test various conditions that affect the heart (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram [ECG] output).
Unpacked Content
Scientific And Engineering Practices:
Developing and Using Models; Planning and Carrying out Investigations; Engaging in Argument from Evidence
Crosscutting Concepts: Cause and Effect; Structure and Function
Disciplinary Core Idea: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes
Evidence Of Student Attainment:
Students:
Obtain information about the structure of the cardiovascular system, including various types of structures that aid in circulation through the heart and throughout the systems of the body.
Obtain information about the function of the cardiovascular system.
Use models to explain the structure and function of the cardiovascular system and its accessory structures.
Use models to determine the relationship between the structures in and function of the cardiovascular system.
Obtain information about the structure of blood and it's function, including information about the ABO blood groups.
Use models to describe how structure is related to function in the components of blood.
Obtain and evaluate information on pathological conditions that may affect the cardiovascular system.
Obtain and evaluate information on possible prevention options related to pathology of the cardiovascular system.
Obtain and evaluate information on possible treatment options related to pathology of the cardiovascular system.
Use appropriate sufficient evidence and scientific reasoning to defend claims and explanations about possible prevention or treatment options related to pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system.
Defend a claim against counter-claims and critique by evaluating counter-claims and by describing the connections between the relevant and appropriate evidence and the strongest claim.
Obtain and evaluate information about common tests that can be used to monitor cardiovascular system function.
Design an experiment that can be used to test cardiovascular function in varying conditions.
Describe the data that wil be collected and the evidence to be derived from the data during the experiment.
Conduct the experiment and collect data and record changes to the external environment and organism responses.
Evaluate experiment by assessing the accuracy and precision of the data as well as limitations of the investigation.
Make suggestions for refinement if needed. Teacher Vocabulary:
blood pressure
blood vessels
circulatory system
heart
pulse
vascularization
arteries
veins
lymphatic vessels
hydrostatic pressure
microcirculation
tunica adventitia
tunica media
tunica intima
lumen
constriction/ vasoconstriction
dilation/ vasodilation
arterioles
venules
capillaries
circulation (systemic, pulmonary)
pericardium (fibrous, serous, epicardium)
myocardium
endocardium
coronary arteries, veins
cardiac infarction
vasculature
septum
chambers
atrium
ventricle
valves (atrioventricular, semilunar, mitral, bicuspid, tricuspid)
Papillary muscles
venae cavae
superior/ inferior vena cava
aorta
pulmonary artery, valve, veins
SA node, AV node bundle of His Purkinje system diastole systole heart rate stroke volume cardiac output electrocardiogram plasma RBC's/ erythrocytes hemoglobin reticulocytes/ erythroblasts complete blood count (CBC) blood type ABO blood group system Rh factor erythroblastosis fetalis WBC's/ leukocytes neutrophils lymphocytes eosinophils monocytes basophils differential white blood cell count granulocytes/ polymorphonuclear WBC agranulocytes/ mononuclear WBC B or T lymphocytes platelet/ thrombocyte megakaryocyte percent saturation carbon dioxide intoxication phagocytosis macrophages kupffer cell prostacyclin clotting factors prothrombin thrombin Fibrinogen/ fibrin plasminogen erythropoiesis hematopoietic stem cell Myeloid stem cell lymphoid stem cell myocardial infarction mitral valve prolapse varicose veins arteriosclerosis, anemia hypertension angina systolic diastolic electrocardiogram Knowledge:
Students know:
Arteries and arterioles carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Veins and venules carry blood from the body to the heart.
Capillaries are small blood vessels that exchange materials with tissues.
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of a vessel while vasodialation is the widening of a vessel.
The heart is made of mycardium covered by pericardium and is composed of four chambers.
The left half of the heart controls systemic circulation while the right half controls pulmonary circulation.
One pumping action of the heart is called the cardiac cycle—diastole is the filling of the atria and ventricles and systole is the emptying of the ventricles.
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements and transports materials needed to maintain body homeostasis.
Blood cell types: 1) RBC's—contain the protein hemaglobin which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
2) WBC's—granulocytic (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) produce secretions that kill micoorganisms and agrnulocytic (lymphocytes and monocytes)—lymphocytes produce an immune respons and monocytes are phagocytic. 3) Platelets—assist with blood clotting.
Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by hematopoiesis and are derived from a multipotent stem cell.
Blood type is a way of categorizing RBCs according to variations in proteins on the cell membrane surface—these proteins can be classified as types A, B or D.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system affect either blood vessels or the heart and are either congenital, produced by lifestyle factors, or produced by microorganisms.
Common vascular diseases interrupt blood flow while common heart diseases prevent the chambers and/or valves from working properly.
Electrocardiography measures the electrical activity of the heart.
Pulse is an indicator of heartbeat and heartbeat is produced by blood pressure.
Heart rate is the number of cardiac cycles per minute. Skills:
Students are able to:
Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the cardiovascular system, including its structures and their function.
Use a model to predict and show relationships among variables between the cardiovascular system and its components.
Gather, read, and interpret scientific information about the ABO blood groups.
Use models to relate structure to function for the components of blood.
Gather, read and interpret scientific information about pathological conditions that may affect the cardiovascular system.
Gather, read and interpret scientific information about possible prevention options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system.
Gather, read and interpret scientific information about possible treatment options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system.
Use evidence to form an argument about possible prevention or treatment options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system.
Use evidence to defend an argument about possible prevention or treatment options related to the pathology of the cardiovascular system.
Evaluate counter-claims and revise argument based on evidence.
Gather, read and interpret scientific information about common tests that can be used to monitor cardiovascular function.
Design a experiment to collect data in relation to cardiovascular function.
Determine how the change in the variables will be measured or identified.
Determine how the response within the cardiovascular system will be measured or identified.
Use a tool to collect and record changes in the external environment (variables) and the organism responses.
Evaluate experiment for accuracy and precision of data collection, as well as limitations.
Make revisions to experiment if needed to produce more accurate and precise results.
Manipulate variables that will cause changes in cardiovascular test investigation results. Understanding:
Students understand that:
The cardiovascular system's main function is to transport various items throughout the body (oxygen, digested nutrients, systemic waste, etc.).
Various cardiovascular organs serve in different capacities to move blood (its transport agent) around the body.
Cardiovascular organs are made up of various tissues that work together to carry out the organs' functions.
Several variables such as exercise, diet, disease, caffeine, etc. affect cardiovascular health.
Lifestyle changes can be used to prevent or treat cardiovascular disease.
Several variables such as exercise, diet, disease, caffeine, etc. change cardiovascular output. AMSTI Resources:
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