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Substances and Chemical Reactions

Classroom Resource Information

Title:

Substances and Chemical Reactions

URL:

https://aptv.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.descwrld.lp_chemical/substances-and-chemical-reactions/

Content Source:

PBS

Type:

Lesson/Unit Plan

Overview:

In this lesson, students observe chemical reactions that produce obvious effects (as opposed to reactions in which the substances appear not to change at all). They begin by exploring a different substance every day for one week. They compare the substances and learn that substances can be solids, liquids, or gases. Next, through teacher demonstration (or direct, supervised student involvement), students watch what happens when sand and water are mixed together (no chemical reaction), and when several pairs of acids and bases are mixed together (a chemical reaction occurs). Students then get to build their own "film canister rockets," using baking soda and vinegar as rocket fuel. This lesson concludes with open-ended thinking when students are asked to determine where rust comes from.

Content Standard(s):

Science
SC2015 (2015)
Grade: 5

2 ) Investigate matter to provide mathematical evidence, including graphs, to show that regardless of the type of reaction (e.g., new substance forming due to dissolving or mixing) or change (e.g., phase change) that occurs when heating, cooling, or mixing substances, the total weight of the matter is conserved.

NAEP Framework

NAEP Statement::
P4.1: Objects and substances have properties. Weight (mass) and volume are properties that can be measured using appropriate tools.*

NAEP Statement::
P4.3: Matter exists in several different states; the most common states are solid, liquid, and gas. Each state of matter has unique properties. For instance, gases are easily compressed while solids and liquids are not. The shape of a solid is independent of its container; liquids and gases take the shape of their containers.

NAEP Statement::
P4.6: One way to change matter from one state to another and back again is by heating and cooling.

Unpacked Content

Scientific And Engineering Practices:

Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

Crosscutting Concepts: Scale, Proportion, and Quantity

Disciplinary Core Idea: Matter and Its Interactions

Evidence Of Student Attainment:

Students:

Measure and graph quantities to provide evidence that regardless of the type of change that occurs when heating, cooling, or mixing substances, the total weight of matter is conserved.

Teacher Vocabulary:

Quantitative measurements (mass, weight, standard unit)
Physical quantities (weight, time, temperature, volume)
Property changes
Matter
Reaction
Heating
Cooling
Mixing
Physical properties
Conservation of matter
Graphing

Knowledge:

Students know:

The amount (weight) of matter is conserved when it changes form, even in transitions in which it seems to vanish.
No matter what reaction or change in properties occurs, the total weight of the substances does not change. (Boundary: Mass and weight are not distinguished at this grade level.)

Skills:

Students are able to:

Measure and graph the given quantities using standard units, including: the weight of substances before they are heated, cooled, or mixed and the weight of substances, including any new substances produced by a reaction, after they are heated, cooled, or mixed.
Measure and/or calculate the difference between the total weight of the substances (using standard units) before and after they are heated, cooled, and/or mixed.
Describe the changes in properties they observe during and/or after heating, cooling, or mixing substances.
Use their measurements and calculations to describe that the total weights of the substances did not change, regardless of the reaction or changes in properties that were observed.
Use measurements and descriptions of weight, as well as the assumption of consistent patterns in natural systems, to describe evidence to address scientific questions about the conservation of the amount of matter, including the idea that the total weight of matter is conserved after heating, cooling, or mixing substances.

Understanding:

Students understand that:

Standard units are used to measure and describe physical quantities such as weight and can be used to demonstrate the conservation of the total weight of matter.

AMSTI Resources:

AMSTI Module:
Matter and Interactions

Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards

AAS Standard:
SCI.AAS.5.2- Recognize that regardless of the type of reaction (e.g., new substance forming due to dissolving or mixing) or change (e.g., phase change) that occurs when heating, cooling, or mixing substances, the total weight of the matter is conserved.

Science
SC2015 (2015)
Grade: 5

4 ) Investigate whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances (e.g., mixing of baking soda and vinegar resulting in the formation of a new substance, gas; mixing of sand and water resulting in no new substance being formed).

NAEP Framework

NAEP Statement::
P4.4: Some objects are composed of a single substance; others are composed of more than one substance.

Unpacked Content

Scientific And Engineering Practices:

Planning and Carrying out Investigations

Crosscutting Concepts: Cause and Effect

Disciplinary Core Idea: Matter and Its Interactions

Evidence Of Student Attainment:

Students:

Conduct an investigation to determine whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances.

Teacher Vocabulary:

variables
states of matter
properties of matter
chemical change
physical change
evidence
temperature

Knowledge:

Students know:

When two or more different substances are mixed, a new substance with different properties may be formed.

Skills:

Students are able to:

From a given investigation plan, describe the phenomenon under investigation, including the mixing of two or more substances.
Identify the purpose of the investigation.
Describe the evidence from data that will be collected, including quantitative and qualitative properties of the substances to be mixed and the resulting substances.
Collaboratively plan an investigation and describe the data to be collected, including: how quantitative and qualitative properties of the two or more substances to be mixed will be determined and measured, number of trials for the investigation, how variables will be controlled to ensure a fair test.
Collect necessary data.

Understanding:

Students understand that:

Cause and effect relationships are identified and used to explain changes like those that occur when two or more substances are mixed together.

AMSTI Resources:

AMSTI Module:
Matter and Interactions

Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards

AAS Standard:
SCI.AAS.5.4- Predict whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances (e.g., mixing of baking soda and vinegar resulting in the formation of a new substance, gas; mixing of sand and water resulting in no new substance being formed).

Tags:

acid, bases, chemical reaction, gas, liquid, solid, substance

License Type:

Custom Permission Type
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For full descriptions of license types and a guide to usage, visit :
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Comments

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This resource provided by:

Author:

Stephanie Carver

ALEX Classroom Resource

Substances and Chemical Reactions