Science 3 ) Use the periodic table as a systematic representation to predict properties
of elements based on their valence electron arrangement.
a. Analyze data such as physical properties to explain periodic trends of
the elements, including metal/nonmetal/metalloid behavior, electrical/heat
conductivity, electronegativity and electron affinity, ionization energy, and
atomic-covalent/ionic radii, and how they relate to position in the periodic
table.
b. Develop and use models (e.g., Lewis dot, 3-D ball-and-stick, space-filling, valence-shell electron-pair repulsion [VSEPR]) to predict the type of bonding and shape of simple compounds.
c. Use the periodic table as a model to derive formulas and names of ionic
and covalent compounds.
NAEP Framework
NAEP Statement::
Unpacked Content
Scientific And Engineering Practices:
Developing and Using Models; Analyzing and Interpreting Data
Crosscutting Concepts: Patterns; Systems and System Models; Structure and Function
Disciplinary Core Idea: Matter and Its Interactions
Evidence Of Student Attainment:
Students:
Use the periodic table as a model to predict relationships between the arrangements of elements on the periodic table and the structure of the atom.
Use the periodic table to predict the patterns of behavior of the elements based on the attraction and repulsion between electrically charged particles.
Use the periodic table to predict the patterns of behavior of the elements based on the patterns of the valence electrons.
Use the periodic table to predict the patterns in bonding and shape based on the patterns of the valence electrons.
Use the arrangement of elements on the periodic table to name compounds. Teacher Vocabulary:
Protons
Neutrons
Nucleus
Electrons
Valence
Main group elements
Properties
Atoms
Elements
Periods/ Rows
Groups/ Families/ Columns
Atomic/ molecular level
Macroscopic level
Periodic trends
metal/ nonmetal/ metalloid behavior
electrical/ heat conductivity
electronegativity
electron affinity
ionization energy
atomic-covalent/ ionic radii
Molecular modeling
Lewis dot
3-D ball-and-stick
space-filling
VSEPR
Types of bonds
ionic bonds
covalent/ molecular bonds
metallic bonds
Molecular shapes
Ions
Ionic compounds
Covalent/ molecular compounds Knowledge:
Students know:
The atom has a positively-charged nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively-charged electrons.
The periodic table can be used to determine the number of particles in an atom of a given element.
The relationship between the arrangement of main group elements on the periodic table and the pattern of valence electrons in their atoms.
The relationship between the arrangement of elements on the periodic table and the number of protons in their atoms.
The trends in relative size, reactivity, and electronegativity in atoms are based on attractions of the valence electrons to the nucleus.
The number and types of bonds formed (i.e. ionic, covalent, metallic) by an element and between elements are based on the arrangement of valence electrons in the atoms.
The shapes of molecules are based on the arrangement of valence electrons in the atoms.
The rules for naming chemical compounds are based upon the type of bond formed.
The number and charges in stable ions that form from atoms in a group of the periodic table are based on the arrangement of valence electrons in the atoms. Skills:
Students are able to:
Predict relative properties of elements using the periodic table.
Predict patterns in periodic trends based on the structure of the atom.
Predict patterns in bonding and shape based on the structure of the atom.
Use the periodic table to determine how elements will bond. Understanding:
Students understand that:
Models are based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.
Each atom has a charged substructure consisting of a nucleus, which is made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.
The periodic table arranges elements into periods/ rows by the number of protons in the atom's nucleus.
Elements with similar properties are placed into groups/ families/ columns based on the repeating pattern of valence electrons in their atoms.
Attraction and repulsion between electrical charges at the atomic scale explain the structure, properites, and transformations of matter, as well as the contact forces between material objects.
The attraction and repulsion of charged particles in the atom creates patterns of properties of elements.
The arrangement of valence electrons in an atom also creates patterns of properties of elements.
Elements form bonds based upon their valence electron arrangement.
Chemical compounds are named based upon the type of bonds formed by their constituent atoms/ ions.
Different patterns may be observed at the atomic/ molecular level and the macroscopic level. AMSTI Resources:
ASIM Module:
