Total Duration: |
Greater than 120 Minutes |
Materials and Resources: |
Student Materials (per student) Pencil or pen Pre-/Post-Test (see attached document) Activity 1 Activity 1 Handout: Instructions (see attached document) Activity 1-B Handout: Data Table (see attached document) Activity 1-C Handout: Reflection Questions (see attached document) Pea size aquarium gravel Small square pretzels Small glass jar with lid Timer Ziploc bags Activity 2 Activity 2 Handout: Instructions (see attached document) Activity 2-B Handout: Data Table (see attached document) Activity 2-C Handout: Reflection Questions (see attached document) 2 pint glass jars 8 oz. bottle of water Pint bottle of vinegar Ziploc bag of pebble-size pieces of chalk Timer Two plastic spoons Activity 3 Activity 3 Handout: Instructions (see attached document) Activity 3-B Handout: Data Table (see attached document) Activity 3-C Handout: Reflection Questions (see attached document) Modeling Clay (not Play-Doh) Large ice cubes Tray or cutting board Ziploc bag of sand Activity 4 Activity 4 Handout: Instructions (see attached document) Activity 4-B Handout: Data Table (see attached document) Activity 4-C Handout: Reflection Questions (see attached document) 2 large tinfoil pans 2 Ziploc bags of sand 2 8-oz. bottles of water Aprons Activity 5 Activity 5 Handout: Instructions (see attached document) Activity 5-B Handout: Data Table (see attached document) Activity 5-C Handout: Reflection Questions (see attached document) Three 9” x 12” x 2” aluminum pans Three Ziploc bags of aquarium sand Three Ziploc bags of pea size aquarium gravel Six 1” x 2” x 12” wooden blocks cut from a standard 1” x 2” board Three 12 oz cups with a pencil-sized hole in the center of the bottom (punch a pencil through the bottom of the cups from the outside) Activity 6 Activity 6 Handout: Instructions (see attached document) Activity 6-B Handout: Data Table (see attached document) Activity 6-C Handout: Reflection Questions (see attached document) Plastic container with poster board prepared by teacher Ziploc bag of white aquarium sand 1/3 cup measuring cup Two-speed hair dryer Two timers Yardstick Activity 7 Activity 7 Handout: Instructions (see attached document) Activity 7-B Handout: Data Table (see attached document) Activity 7-C Handout: Reflection Questions (see attached document) Four labeled cups prepared by teacher (Sand, Gravel, Clay, and Sand-Gravel-Clay) Four 8½ oz styrofoam cups 4 larger containers (at least as deep as the cups are tall and somewhat larger in diameter) 3” x 3” “Sticky-Notes” pad Ziploc bag of Extra Super Fine Granular sugar Ziploc bag of aquarium sand Ziploc bag of pea size aquarium gravel Ziploc bag of clay (dug from a clay bank and pulverized) Ziploc bag of sand, clay, gravel mixture Eight 8-oz. bottles of water Funnel Timer 2 tablespoons--one labeled A (for Sugar) and one labeled B (for other Materials) For Acceleration Activity: Moving by the Numbers Handout (see attached document) Teacher Materials Teacher Preparation Guide (see attached document) Pre-/Post-Test Answer Key (see attached documents) Weathering Presentation (see attached PowerPoint presentation) Moving by the Numbers Answer Key (see attached document) For Demonstration A: Two bars of soap of the same brand (one bar unused and one bar worn down by repeated use) For Demonstration B: Bucket of sand Cookie sheet or tray For Activity 6 Preparation: Black marker Plastic or cardboard container at least 12” wide by 20” long by 10” deep Colored poster board (not black or white) For Activity 7 Preparation: ¼” thick Scotch-Brite abrasive pad Sharp thin-blade knife Scissors Heavy-duty tape |
Technology Resources Needed: |
Teacher Technology Resources Teacher computer Interactive whiteboard or projector |
Background/Preparation: |
Student Background: As this lesson will introduce students to the processes of weathering and erosion, students do not need to possess background knowledge about these concepts prior to participating in the lesson’s activities. However, the teacher can provide a quick introduction to these topics by showing students the following video clip: Scholastic Study Jam-Weather and Erosion. A seven-question online quiz follows the video clip. This lesson will require students to participate in hands-on, inquiry-based lab activities. The students will need to be able to follow multi-step procedural instructions in order to complete the experiments. Students should follow all appropriate safety precautions including wearing safety goggles. Teacher Background: The teacher should preview the Teacher Preparation Guide prior to teaching the lesson to ensure that the lab activities are prepared for the students before beginning instruction on the module. This module includes seven activities that will demonstrate the effects of weathering and erosion. The teacher may decide to combine these activities and complete several in one class period, or the teacher may wish to complete one activity per class period. The teacher can view the Weathering Presentation for additional background information about the concepts taught in this lesson. The teacher should review lab safety precautions with students and ensure students follow these procedures for the duration of the lesson. Several of the module activities will require advanced preparation by the teacher: Teacher Preparation for Activity 2: Crush several pieces of chalk into small pebbles and place them in a Ziploc bag. Teacher Preparation for Activity 3: Roll the modeling clay into a 1 to 2-inch diameter ball. Teacher Preparation for Activity 6: Cut the piece of poster paper to fit the bottom of the container. Use the black marker to draw a 5” diameter circle in the center of the poster paper and place it in the container. Teacher Preparation for Activity 7: Use a knife to cut an opening the size of a quarter in the bottoms of the styrofoam cups. Label one cup SAND, one cup GRAVEL, one cup CLAY, and one cup SAND-GRAVEL-CLAY. Fill each cup with the labeled material, using equal amounts, approximately 1/3 cup of each). Use scissors to cut squares of the abrasive pad the same size as the bottom diameter of the styrofoam cups Use a single ¼” wide strip of heavy-duty tape to attach the abrasive squares to the bottom of cups. |
Before Strategy/Engage: 50 minutes 1. The teacher should give each student a copy of the Pre-/Post-Test (see attached document). The teacher should give students approximately ten to fifteen minutes to complete the pre-test. The teacher should stress to students that the purpose of the pre-test is to demonstrate the student’s background knowledge about the concepts of osmosis and diffusion. 2. After students complete the pretest, the teacher should check students’ answers to determine their current knowledge base of the concepts using the Pre-/Post-Test Answer Key (see attached document). Alternatively, the teacher could allow students to check their own paper or check a partner’s paper. 3. After all students complete the pre-test, the teacher should perform the following demonstrations to engage student interest on the concepts that will be taught during this module. Demonstration A 4. The teacher should display two bars of soap of the same brand (one bar unused and one bar worn down by repeated use). 5. The teacher should post the following questions on the board:
Demonstration B 6. The teacher should pour a large bucket of sand on a cookie sheet or tray. 7. The teacher should hold a hair dryer in one hand and a garden hose in the other hand, with both hands pointed toward the sand. The hair dryer should not be turned on. 8. The teacher should post the following questions on the board:
During Strategy/Explore & Explain Note: The following activities may be completed together as a single lab or completed as individual labs. Detailed instructions are provided in the teacher preparation guide and the student lab sheets. The students can perform the following investigations individually or in collaborative groups. Activity 1: Investigating Mechanical Weathering Activity 2: Investigating Chemical Weathering Activity 3: Investigating Glacial Erosion Activity 4: Investigating Wave Erosion Activity 5: Investigating Water Erosion Activity 6: Investigating Wind Erosion Activity 7: Investigating Sinkhole Formation After Strategy/Explain & Elaborate: 50 minutes 1. After all groups have completed the seven lab activities on weathering and erosion, the teacher should lead a class discussion among all of the groups to compare each group’s data. Note: If the teacher identifies that students need additional review before the summative assessment, the teacher may show students the attached Weathering Presentation to review the concepts demonstrated during the lab activities. 2. The teacher should give the students the Pre-/Post-Test, that students completed as a pre-test at the beginning of the lesson. The teacher should explain to students that this post-test will allow students to demonstrate the knowledge they acquired during the lab activities. |
Assessment Strategies |
Formative Assessment: The teacher will informally assess student’s background knowledge by administering the Pre-/Post-Test prior to teaching the lesson. The teacher should carefully monitor students as they complete the lab activities with their groups to certify that students are correctly following the lab procedures. The teacher should review each student’s Handout B for each activity to ensure that students are collecting accurate data during the lab investigations. Summative Assessment: The teacher will formally assess students at the conclusion of each lab experiment by reviewing each student’s answers to the reflection questions on the Handout C that accompanies each activity. The teacher will administer the Pre-/Post-Test as a summative assessment at the end of the lesson. |
Acceleration: |
Students can further explore the concepts taught in this lesson and incorporate math skills by completing the Moving by the Numbers Handout (see attached document). An answer key is attached for the teacher to assess student work. |
Intervention: |
Students who require additional preparation prior to the lesson or review after the lesson can view the Weathering Presentation which succinctly summarizes the concepts demonstrated during this lesson’s lab activities (see attached PowerPoint presentation). |
View the Special Education resources for
instructional guidance in providing modifications and adaptations
for students with significant cognitive disabilities who qualify for the Alabama Alternate Assessment.
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