English Language Arts
ELA2021 (2021)
Grade: 1
| 31. Apply knowledge of grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences and spelling rules (or generalizations) to encode words accurately.
a. Encode vowel-consonant (VC) and consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words, while using some knowledge of basic position-based rules for spelling English words in closed syllables.
Examples: /k/=k before i, e, or y as in kit; /k/= c before a, o, u, or any consonant as in cup, cat, cop; /k/= -ck after an accented short vowel as in duck, back, rock, pick, deck
b. Encode consonant-vowel (CV) words using knowledge of open syllable patterns.
Examples: he, me, she, go, no
c. Encode words with two-consonant blends in beginning position, including blends that are commonly confused with other spellings, by distinguishing the placement and action of the lips, teeth, and tongue during articulation.
Examples: cl, bl, sl, tr, cr, sk, st, sl, sm, sn, sp, sw, dr, br, bl
Note: Many students spell the tr blend with digraph ch because of the confusion of the coarticulation of the /t/ and /r/ sounds. Many students spell the dr blend with the letter j because of the confusion of the coarticulation of the /d/ and /r/ sounds.
d. Encode words with consonant digraphs using knowledge that one sound may be spelled with two letters.
Examples: sh, th, ch, wh, ng, ck
e. Encode words with vowel-consonant-e syllable patterns.
Examples: hike, spike, joke, dime, make
f. With prompting and support, encode words with the common vowel teams and diphthongs.
Examples: ee, ea, oa, ai, a, au, aw, oi, oy, ou, ow, oo, igh
g. With prompting and support, encode words with vowel-r combinations ar, or, er, ir, and ur.
h. With prompting and support, encode words with final /ch/ sound spelled -ch and -tch.
Examples: /ch/= ch after a consonant, vowel-r, or vowel team as in munch, bunch, porch, smooch
/ch/= tch after a short vowel sound as in hatch, crutch, ditch
i. With prompting and support, encode words with final /f/, /l/, and /s/ sounds in one-syllable base words by doubling the final consonant when it follows a short vowel sound.
Examples: cliff, hill, pass
j. Encode words with final /v/ sound, using knowledge that no English word ends with a v.
Examples: have, give, save
k. Encode grade-appropriate high frequency words that follow regular phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
Examples: am, at, can, he, we, be, in, it, came, like
l. Encode grade-appropriate high frequency words that follow regular phoneme-grapheme correspondences and patterns in all but one position, pointing out the part of the word that does not follow the regular pattern.
Examples: said, are, to
m. Encode words with suffixes -s, -es, -ing, -ed, -er, and -est.
Examples: dogs, wishes, jumping, jumped, faster, fastest
n. With prompting and support, encode words with common prefixes re-, un-, and mis-.
o. With prompting and support, encode frequently confused homophones, using knowledge of English and meaning to facilitate learning.
Examples: hear/here; for/four; to/too/two.
Note: To is a preposition which begins a prepositional phrase or an infinitive. Too is an adverb meaning "excessively" or "also." Two is a number. Many other words in English which reflect the number two are spelled with tw: twin, twice, between, tweezers. |