Standard(s):
[ELA2021] (0) 10 : 10. Apply knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and word-analysis skills to decode and encode (spell) words accurately in both isolation and in decodable, grade-appropriate text.
a. Produce the most frequent sound(s) for each consonant, including x and q, which have two phonemes (sounds).
Examples: x= /ks/ and q=/kw/
b. Identify the vowel in a closed syllable and produce the short vowel sound for the five major vowels when decoding closed syllables.
c. Decode consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) words in isolation and in decodable text.
d. Identify the vowel in an open syllable and produce the long vowel sound for the five major vowels when decoding open syllables.
e. With prompting and support, identify the vowel-consonant-e syllable pattern and produce the long vowel sounds for the five major vowels in vowel-consonant-e syllables.
f. With prompting and support, decode words with suffix -s, using knowledge of unvoiced /s/ and voiced /z/ sounds for letter s.
Examples: pups, cats, pigs, dogs
Note: Unvoiced /s/ follows unvoiced sounds such as /p/ and /t/ and voiced /z/ follows voiced sounds such as /g/.
g. With prompting and support, produce the most frequent sound for digraphs ck, sh, th, ch, wh, ng, and combination qu, making the connection that a two-letter grapheme can represent one phoneme (sound).
h. Distinguish between similarly spelled words by identifying the phonemes and graphemes that differ.
Example: mat/sat, pan/pat, tip/top
i. Decode grade-appropriate high frequency words that are spelled using predictable, decodable phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
Examples: am, at, get, like, make, that, this, me, she, be
Note: The main emphasis of a high-frequency word lesson should be on regular correspondences and patterns, noting the high-frequency words with exceptions or oddities and what they are, using specific strategies to help them remember the irregular part of the word. Example: LETRS© heart word strategy
[ELA2021] (1) 6 : 6. Demonstrate basic to advanced phonological and phonemic awareness skills in spoken words.
a. Count, blend, segment, and delete syllables in spoken words, including polysyllabic words.
Examples: par-ti-cu-lar, cer-ti-fi-cate
b. Recognize and produce groups of rhyming words and distinguish them from non-rhyming groups of spoken words.
c. Produce alliterative words.
d. Blend and segment phonemes in single-syllable spoken words made up of three to five phonemes, including words with consonant blends.
e. Add, delete, and substitute phonemes at the beginning or end of spoken words made up of three to five phonemes, and produce the resulting word.
Examples: pan to pant; flight to light; cat to cap
f. Distinguish long from short vowel sounds in spoken, single-syllable words.
g. Distinguish between commonly-confused vowel sounds and commonly-confused cognate consonant sounds, using knowledge of mouth position, voiced and unvoiced sounds, and manner of articulation.
Examples: /f/ and /v/, /p/ and /b/, /t/ and /d/, /k/ and /g/, /m/ and /n/, /ng/ and /n/, /s/ and /z/, unvoiced /th/ and voiced /th/, /ch/ and /sh/, /ĕ/ and /ā/, /ĕ/ and /ă/
Note: This is extremely important as a foundational phonemic awareness skill for all learners.
h. Identify the sound substitution in words with five to six phonemes.
Example: strips/straps, square/squire
[ELA2021] (2) 38 : 38. Apply knowledge of grade-appropriate phoneme-grapheme correspondences, multisyllabic word construction, syllable division principles, and spelling rules (or generalizations) to encode words accurately.
a. Encode grade-appropriate multisyllabic words using knowledge of syllable types, including open, closed, vowel-consonant-e, vowel teams, vowel-r, and consonant-le.
b. Apply knowledge of multisyllabic word construction and syllable division principles to encode grade-appropriate words correctly.
Examples: VC/CV, V/CV, VC/V, CV/VC; rab-bit, o-pen, cab-in, di-et
c. Encode words with final /v/ and /j/ sounds using knowledge that no English word ends with a, v, or j.
Examples: have, give, save; cage, rage, budge, lodge
d. Encode one- and two-syllable words with long and short vowel patterns.
e. Encode words with two- and three-consonant blends, including those containing digraphs.
Examples: st, sm, sn, sl, cl, dr, br, bl, str, scr, thr, squ, spl, spr
f. Encode words with consonant digraphs, trigraphs, and combinations.
Examples: ph, gh, ch, sh, wh, th, ng, tch, dge, qu
g. Encode words with the common vowel teams, including diphthongs.
Examples: ai, ay, ea, ee, ei, igh, oa, ow, ou, ue, ew, eigh
h. Encode words with vowel-r combinations.
Examples: ar, or, ir, er, ur, air, ear, oar
i. Encode words that follow the -ild, -ost, -old, -olt, and -ind patterns.
Examples: wild, cold, most, colt, mind
j. Encode words with a after w read /ä/ and a before l read /â/.
Examples: wash, water, wasp; tall, all, talk, small, fall
k. Encode words with or after w read /er/.
Examples: world, word, worm, worst, work
l. Encode words with hard and soft c and g.
Examples: carry, cent; game, giraffe
m. Encode words with vowel y in the final position of one and two syllable words, distinguishing the difference between the long /ī/ sound in one-syllable words and the long /ē/ sound in two-syllable words, and words with vowel y in medial position, producing the short /ĭ/ sound for these words.
Examples: fly, my; baby, happy; myth, gym
n. Encode words with prefixes and suffixes, including words with dropped e and y-to-i changes for suffix addition.
Examples: pro-, trans-, non-, mid-, -ful, -less, -ness, -ed, ing, -es, -er, -est, -en, -y, -ly
o. Encode grade-appropriate high frequency words that are spelled using predictable, decodable phoneme-grapheme correspondences, including those that contain only one irregularity.
Examples: decodable - number, way, my, than, word
decodable except for one irregularity - other (o is schwa); from- (o is schwa);
what- (a is schwa or short o depending on dialect)
p. Encode contractions with am, is, has, not, have, would, and will, using apostrophes appropriately.
Examples: I'm, he's, she's, isn't, don't, I've, he'd, they'll
q. Encode frequently confused homophones accurately, using knowledge of English orthography and meaning to facilitate learning.
Examples: their/they're/there; eight/ate; cent/scent/sent
